The domestic production and technology transfer of subway and railway vehicles, escalators, signalization systems
The domestic production and technology transfer of subway and railway vehicles, escalators, signalization systems
Business Model Description
"The technology transfer and domestic production of subway and railway vehicles Alternative: The technology transfer and domestic producton of subway escalators for new subway routes Alternative: The technology transfer and domestic production of railway and subway signalization systems "
Expected Impact
This IOA will optimize passenger and freight transportation across the country by promoting the domestic production of electric vehicles and signalization infrastructure.
How is this information gathered?
Investment opportunities with potential to contribute to sustainable development are based on country-level SDG Investor Maps.
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Country & Regions
- Turkey: Marmara Region
Sector Classification
Transportation
Development need
In 2020, Turkey ranked 47th (out of 160) in the Logistics Performance Index after being ranked 34th in 2016.(1) Connections between industrial facilities, ports and railway systems are not adequately developed. To improve competitiveness, Turkey needs to reduce logistics costs and develop combined transportation modes with higher shares of railway and maritime transportation.(2)
"Policy priority
The government has an objective to improve an integrated transportation infrastructure covering all modes of transportation. The infrastructure is planned to ensure maximum traffic safety and serve all segments of society with a sustainable and uninterrupted transportation system. (3)
"
Gender inequalities and marginalization issues
Transport is a male-dominated sector, female participation in the transport sector is around 10% in Turkey. Additionally, inadequate transport infrastructure impacts women's access to work and education/skills-improvement, especially in rural areas. (15) Investments in transport infrastructure to incorporate new cities in the Turkish supply chain will decrease regional economic disparities
Investment opportunities
The total public investment in transportation is planned as 25 billion TRY (3.7 billion USD) with the largest shares going to railways (43%), highways (27%) and intracity transportation (23%).(4)
Key bottlenecks
Under-investment in transportation infrastructure poses supply-chain constraints for the exchange of products and services. As the population expands, the existing transportation infrastructure may be rendered insufficient. If transportation infrastructure is not developed, this will cause further issues in traffic congestion and reflect negatively on SDG 11.
Land Transportation
"Development need
Despite improvements in the logistics and transportation infrastructure in highways, there is still siginificant need to focus on cargo transportation and railway mode in transportation investments.There is a need to optimize freight transportation times and costs, provide uninterrupted services for citizens and opt for more environmentally friend modes of transportation
"
Policy priority
Turkey has an objective to complete 2,028 km for High-Speed Trains and 228 km conventional networks for passenger and freight transport. (5)
Gender inequalities and marginalization issues
Transport is a male-dominated sector, female participation in the transport sector is around 10% in Turkey. Additionally, inadequate transport infrastructure impacts women's access to work and education/skills-improvement, especially in rural areas. (15) Investments in transport infrastructure to incorporate new cities in the Turkish supply chain will decrease regional economic disparities
Investment opportunities
A variety of incentives are available for large scale investments in this area. Investments in the domestic manufacturing of railway and tram locomotive parts benefit from Region I, II, III, IV, V and VI incentives
Key bottlenecks
Some of the bottlenecks include the physical conditions of the surrounding landscape where subway and trainlines are constructed. There are operational obstacles as the subsidies offered to TCDD (the state railways) might crowd-out the private sector. Moreover, this investment area is highly regulated.
Rail Transportation
Pipeline Opportunity
The domestic production and technology transfer of subway and railway vehicles, escalators, signalization systems
"The technology transfer and domestic production of subway and railway vehicles Alternative: The technology transfer and domestic producton of subway escalators for new subway routes Alternative: The technology transfer and domestic production of railway and subway signalization systems "
Business Case
Market Size and Environment
> USD 1 billion
"Turkey's annual railway vehicle market size is 5 billion EUR. (6) With local production, the domestic market in Turkey is estimated to reach 20 billion EUR. (6)"
Indicative Return
15% - 20%
Interviewed investors active in the Turkish railways market target an IRR at the 12-20% level from investments in the field.
Investment Timeframe
Long Term (10+ years)
Establishing the complex production facilities of domestic subway and railway vehicles, signalization systems and subway escalators as well as meeting the domestic demand and developing a competitive potential in the international market is likely to happen in the medium to long-term timeframe.
Ticket Size
> USD 10 million
Market Risks & Scale Obstacles
Capital - CapEx Intensive
Market - High Level of Competition
Market - Highly Regulated
Impact Case
Sustainable Development Need
"There is a need for electric locomotives and signalization systems in Turkey as there is an objective to reach 80-90% in electric railway systems. Currently, only 80 out of 400 locomotives are electric in Turkey. (7). "
On average, an electric locomotive releases 20% to 35% less carbon per passenger mile than a diesel train. (8)
The share of railway transportation for passenger and freight transport is below the EU-28 average. (9)
Gender & Marginalisation
The domestic manufacturing of railway systems can increase female employment share in the industry. The % of women employed in the industry (defined as mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, and public utilities) is at a mere 15.8% while the percentage of men in this sector is at 29.7% (16).
Expected Development Outcome
"Optimize passenger and freight transportation across the country by improving domestic production of electric vehicles and signalization infrastructure and provide an uninterrupted and sustainable mode of transportation, which is particularly vital vis-a-vis the COVID-19 outbreak."
"Reduce fuel emissions from highway freight transportation as on average, railroads are 4 times more fuel efficient than trucks, meaning that freight transportation through railways reduces GHG emissions by 75% compared to moving freight through trucks. (10)"
Improve Turkey's intra-city transportation infrastructure and promote sustainable modes of transportation by responding to the need for nearly 10,000 new vehicles for the operation of the new underground transportation routes that are due to be in service by 2023 in Turkey. (11)
Gender & Marginalisation
Reduce travel times / increase access to transport for female, rural, inmigrant population
Increase female employment in the industry sector
Primary SDGs addressed
8.4.1 Material footprint, material footprint per capita, and material footprint per GDP
16 tonnes per capita (12)
9.1.2 Passenger and freight volumes, by mode of transport
9.b.1 Proportion of medium and high-tech industry value added in total value added
Railway passengers carried: 4.39 billion passenger-km (12)
31.45% (12)
11.2.1 Proportion of population that has convenient access to public transport, by sex, age and persons with disabilities
Secondary SDGs addressed
Directly impacted stakeholders
People
Gender inequality and/or marginalization
Planet
Corporates
Public sector
Indirectly impacted stakeholders
People
Gender inequality and/or marginalization
Corporates
Public sector
Outcome Risks
The initial efforts to transfer technology may rely heavily on public support, pressuring public finances.
Impact Risks
"Execution Risk Efficiency Risk"
Impact Classification
What
Reduced share of highway in transport.
Who
The business model will benefit especially the urban population with affordable and safe transportation needs.
Risk
Medium Risk (The initial phase of technology transfer may result in higher prices and technical/infrastructural disruptions.)
Impact Thesis
This IOA will optimize passenger and freight transportation across the country by promoting the domestic production of electric vehicles and signalization infrastructure.
Enabling Environment
Policy Environment
(Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure 2019-2023 Strategic Plan): From the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure 2019-2023 Strategic Plan: There is an objective to increase the railway network and intracity rail systems.
(11th Development Plan): From the 11th Development Plan: (3) 334.1. The share of railways in modes of national territorial transport systems will be increased from 5.15 percent to 10 percent.
(2019-2023 Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Industry and Technology): The 2019-2023 Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Industry and Technology stresses the importance of supporting Turkey's intermodal transport infrastructure to address the inefficiencies of the national supply chain
Financial Environment
Financial incentives: As part of the nationalization and local production efforts, loans from state banks can be received with favorable conditions. Credits from international banks with affordable LIBOR interest are also available with guarantees from the Treasury. (6)
Fiscal incentives: Regional investment and project-based incentives by the Ministry of Industry and Technology include: VAT exemption, customs duty exemption, tax deduction, social security premium support, interest/profit share support, VAT returns for investments above 500 million TRY. (14)
Other incentives: The Ministry of Industry and Technology and The Development and Investment Bank of Turkey established "The Technology and Innovation Fund" under the Turkey Development Fund to finance innovative tech. based companies/projects with a budget of 350 million TRY.
Regulatory Environment
(Regulation): The State Railways of Turkey (TCDD) is a government-owned railway company responsible for the operations of most passenger and freight rail in Turkey.
(Regulation): The Ministry of Industry and Technology and the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure, Legal Legislation: SİP (INDUSTRIAL COOPERATION PROJECT)
(Regulation): The Law on the Liberalisation of Turkish Railway Transportation numbered 6461 came into force in 2013 with the objective to liberalise the railway industry and increase efficiency and quality through private sector investments.
Marketplace Participants
Private Sector
Companies such as Durmazlar and Bozankaya, companies that dominate international markets such as Hyundai Rotem, CAF, Mitsubishi, Siemens, Stadler, Hitachi, Alstom, Bombardier, CRRC, ABB
Government
Municipalities, the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure, Turkish State Railways, Railway Systems Association (RSD)
Multilaterals
EBRD
Non-Profit
Association of Rail Transport Systems and Industrialists (RAYDER).
Target Locations
Turkey: Marmara Region
References
- (1) World Bank, 2019, https://lpi.worldbank.org/international/scorecard/radar/56/C/TUR/2018/C/DEU/2018
- (2) Presidency of Strategy and Budget, 11th Development Plan, http://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/On_BirinciPLan_ingilizce_SonBaski.pdf
- (3) State Railways of Rep. of Turkey 2019-2023 Strategic Plan. http://www.sp.gov.tr/upload/xSPStratejikPlan/files/wyMtM+20192023sp.pdf
- (4) Presidency of Strategy and Budget, 2020 Investment Program. http://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2020_Yatirim_Programi.pdf
- (5) State Railways of Rep. of Turkey 2019-2023 Strategic Plan. http://www.sp.gov.tr/upload/xSPStratejikPlan/files/wyMtM+20192023sp.pdf
- (6) Survey filled out by Istanbul Metro AŞ.
- (7) Statement by TOBB Transportation Council Member.
- (8) The Guardian. Leo Hickman, ""How green are electric trains?"", https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2012/jul/16/electric-trains-diesel-green-carbon
- (9) Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure 2019-2023 Strategic Plan. https://www.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/stratejik-yonetim/uab-2019-2023-stratejik-plani-16-10-2019.pdf
- (10) Association of American Railroads, 2019. Freight Railroads Help Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions. https://www.aar.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/AAR-Railroads-Greenhouse-Gas-Emissions.pdf
- (11) Survey filled out by Istanbul Metro AŞ, 2020.
- (12) SDG Tracker, 2020, https://sdg-tracker.org/
- (13) Security General Directorate, Traffic Department. Statistics. http://trafik.gov.tr/kurumlar/trafik.gov.tr/04-Istatistik/Genel/Genel_Kazalarr.pdf
- (14) Anadolu Agency, 26.01.2020. Turkey’s railway vehicle exports rise 147%. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/turkiyenin-demir-yolu-tasiti-ihracati-yuzde-147-artti/1714512
- (15) European Bank of Reconstruction and Development, Transportation Strategy 2019-2024, https://www.ebrd.com/documents/transport/strategy-for-transport.pdf
- (16) International Labor Organization Statistics, 2021 https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/country-profiles/